{"id":2395,"date":"2023-09-01T17:39:16","date_gmt":"2023-09-01T15:39:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dovidka.info\/informations\/yak-diyaty-v-razi-zastosuvannya-brudnoyi-bomby-yadernoyi-ataky-chy-avariyi-na-aes\/"},"modified":"2024-09-23T15:44:52","modified_gmt":"2024-09-23T13:44:52","slug":"yak-diyaty-v-razi-zastosuvannya-brudnoyi-bomby-yadernoyi-ataky-chy-avariyi-na-aes","status":"publish","type":"informations","link":"https:\/\/dovidka.info\/en\/yak-diyaty-v-razi-zastosuvannya-brudnoyi-bomby-yadernoyi-ataky-chy-avariyi-na-aes\/","title":{"rendered":"How to save yourself from a \u201cdirty bomb\u201d, a nuclear attack or an accident at a nuclear power plant"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
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russia suffers defeats on the battlefield, and therefore its leadership resorts to blackmail in its usual manner. This time \u2013 nuclear. The use of nuclear weapons against Ukraine is considered possible, but the main purpose of these threats is to scare Ukrainians and the world and force us to make concessions, and our partners to weaken their support for Ukraine.<\/p>\n

However, this intimidation will not have the consequences expected by russia. At the same time, Ukrainians must have a plan of action in case of any emergency situations: the use of nuclear weapons, \u201c a dirty bomb\u201d or in the event of an accident at a nuclear power plant.<\/p>\n

Nuclear weapons are weapons of mass destruction. Nuclear charges can be placed on various types of missiles, torpedoes, bombs and artillery shells, with which russia constantly fires at our territory. It is possible to understand that it was a nuclear weapon only directly after the explosion and obtaining data on the radioactive contamination of the territory.<\/p>\n

A radiological dispersal device, or, as it is also called, a \u201cdirty bomb\u201d, is actually an explosive with radioactive material. During detonation, radioactive substances are spread by an explosive wave.<\/p>\n

The recommendations were actualized based on the experience and instructions of Ukraine after the accident at the Chernobyl NPP (1986) by the Center for Strategic Communications and Information Security together with the State Scientific and Technical Center for Nuclear and Radiation Safety and based on information from open sources: the State Emergency Service, the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine and the Patrol Police of Ukraine.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n\n

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In the case of using nuclear weapons or a \u201cdirty bomb\u201d or an explosion at a nuclear power plant,\u00a0the main rule remains unchanged:<\/b>\u00a0when you hear the siren, go to the shelter.<\/p>\n

Turn on the radio, television or use the Internet to receive a notification about the corresponding threat and about further actions.<\/p>\n

Operational information should be reported by the State Emergency Service, the General Staff, the police or local authorities on the pages of their official websites or social media or in official Viber or Telegram channels. If the Internet connection is unstable, you can use lightweight versions of social media (Facebook Lite, Messenger Lite).<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n\n

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However, there is a high probability that the Internet and communication means will not work at all in the zone affected by nuclear weapons, and there will be no electricity supply. Therefore, make sure you have a battery-powered radio in advance. It may be the only means of communication in an emergency.<\/b><\/p>\n<\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n\n

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\n If a nuclear explosion caught you on the street <\/h2>\n <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n
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When you notice a flash in the sky (or its reflection from surfaces), by no means look in that direction. This can cause corneal burns, flash blindness, and eye burns.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n

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Lie down on the ground. Try to find an indention or ledge within seconds to hide from the shock wave and debris.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n

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Try to cover all exposed parts of the body: lie with your feet in the direction of the explosion, face down, put your hands under you to protect them from burns and injuries.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n

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If possible, cover your ears with headphones \u2014 this is protection against barotrauma.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n

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Cover your mouth and nose with a mask, cloth or handkerchief, and breath through them. However, these improvised means can\u2019t completely protect against internal exposure. Therefore, it is important to get to the shelter as fast as possible.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n

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Run to the shelter as soon as the blast wave from the use of nuclear weapons has passed.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n

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It is necessary to run to the shelter, considering the direction of the wind. If it is blowing from the epicenter of the explosion, move perpendicular (left or right) to the direction of the wind. Otherwise, move against the wind.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n

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The main criteria for finding a shelter is minute availability. If there is no specially equipped shelter nearby, the basement or the center of a large concrete building with a minimum number of windows and doors will be the best. Look at the illustration to see the safest areas of the building to hide in the event of the attack.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n\n

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Before entering the shelter, take off the top layer of clothing. This can eliminate up to 90% of radioactive contamination and reduce the amount of time you are exposed to radiation. To prevent dispersal of radioactive dust, be very careful, try to avoid skin contact with contaminated clothing. Place it in a plastic bag or airtight container. The best option would be to change clothes completely and carry out decontamination as soon as possible (see point 11).<\/p>\n <\/div>\n

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Make sure that the room you are using as a shelter doesn\u2019t get air from the outside. Close all windows, doors, ventilations, turn off the air conditioner and heater. If possible, move to a room without windows.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n

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Distance yourself from other people in the room, don\u2019t touch them. You can cause radioactive contamination of each other<\/p>\n <\/div>\n

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Don\u2019t eat or touch anything that may have been radioactively contaminated.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n

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Carry out\u00a0decontamination<\/b> \u2013 measures to clean the body, premises, surfaces and objects with which you come in contact from radiation contamination.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n <\/div>\n

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Tap water can be used to wash off radioactive contamination from the skin and surfaces, if there were no official messages prohibiting its use!<\/p>\n <\/div>\n

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It is recommended to take a cool shower using detergents. Avoid strong skin friction: this can lead to damage and entry of radionuclides into the body.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n <\/div>\n

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If showering is not possible, wash all exposed skin, especially hands and face. Use soap and plenty of water. Do not rub the skin in places where there are scratches or wounds to prevent radionuclides from entering the body. If you don\u2019t have access to water at all, use a wet wipe, a clean wet cloth, or a wet paper towel. Thoroughly wipe all exposed skin.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n

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Wipe surfaces and objects with a damp cloth or napkin. This must be done necessarily, regardless of which space you use as a shelter.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n

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If possible, wear clean, tight clothing that is as closed as possible, that could not be exposed to radioactive contamination.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n

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Find a source of information (radio, TV, internet). To avoid missing instructions, do not turn off the radio or other means of communication.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n

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Stay in shelter for 24 hours unless authorities give other instructions to move or evacuate.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n

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\n If the explosion caught you indoors <\/h2>\n <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n
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Make sure that no air enters the room. Close all windows, doors, ventilations, turn off the air conditioner and heater. If possible, move to a room without windows.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n

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Remain in shelter for 24 hours unless authorities give other instructions to move or evacuate. To avoid missing instructions, don\u2019t turn off the radio or other means of communication.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n

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Don\u2019t eat or touch anything that may have been radioactively contaminated.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n

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If your family members were in another shelter at the time of the nuclear attack, they must remain there until permission is given to leave.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n

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Keep your pets inside the shelter.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n

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Don\u2019t consume tap water until you receive an appropriate notification about its safety.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n

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\n If the explosion caught you in the way <\/h2>\n <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n
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When you notice a flash in the sky (or its reflection from surfaces), by no means look in that direction. This can cause corneal burns, flash blindness, and eye burns<\/p>\n <\/div>\n

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Stop the car on a safe side of the road.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n

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Close all windows, doors, hatches and any openings, block the flow of air from the outside.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n

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Take a protective pose (cover your head with your hands and lower your elbows to your knees).<\/p>\n <\/div>\n

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If possible, cover your ears with headphones \u2014 this is protection against barotrauma.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n <\/div>\n

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Cover your mouth and nose with a mask, cloth or handkerchief, and breathe through them until you are sheltered: this should protect you from radionuclides entering the body.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n

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After the explosion, it is necessary to immediately find shelter. The main criteria is minute availability. If there is no specially equipped shelter nearby, the basement or the center of a large concrete building with a minimum number of windows and doors will be the best.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n

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\n If your child is at school or kindergarten during a nuclear explosion <\/h2>\n <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n
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If your child was in an educational institution at the time of the nuclear explosion, he must remain there in a shelter with the rest of the children.<\/p>\n

Even if the school or kindergarten is five minutes away from the house, there is no need to leave the shelter and pick up the child. This will harm you, because outside you can be exposed to radiation, your child, as well as other children and teachers or educators who are in the shelter of the school or kindergarten.<\/p>\n

According to safety standards, shelters must be pressurized from the inside to prevent harmful substances from entering. Parents who come from the street can carry radioactive dust on their clothes, or it can get into the room where the children are hiding with the air.<\/p>\n

So going outside means putting not only yourself at risk, but also children and staff. In case of an emissions accident or nuclear explosion, any building is safer than the street.<\/p>\n

In order to be sure that the school or kindergarten is ready for any scenario, we recommend that you make sure in advance that the shelter there will protect your child from radiation in case of a nuclear explosion. And also you have to make sure that your child is ready for such a scenario.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n\n

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\n For this you need: <\/p>\n

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Make sure that the teachers (educators) and the management of the school or kindergarten have the plan of action in case of a nuclear explosion. They should act according to the general rules of behavior in such an emergency situation. The rules are\u00a0here.<\/b><\/a>\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n <\/div>\n

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If the management of the institution has not informed you about this, you must agree in advance with other parents and the teacher that in case of a nuclear explosion, the doors of the shelter where the children are located will not be opened until permission has been obtained from the authorities.<\/p>\n

This means that it will be impossible to come and take the child from there until there are official announcements that the threat has gone. Explain to them that extra opening of the shelter door and admission of parents who came from the street in there will harm the children.\u00a0\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n <\/div>\n

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Make sure that the shelter is adapted for staying there under conditions of nuclear danger. Does the school administration have relevant documents, acts of inspection by the controlling authorities, which indicate that the shelter is suitable. In addition, there is an act of the State Emergency Service that the premises are in a satisfactory sanitary and fireproof condition.<\/p>\n

Some facilities have special anti-radiation shelters or more reliable shelters \u2013 hermetic ones. However, in the absence of such, it is allowed to stay in the simplest shelters, but in which the following requirements are met (you can check their compliance yourself):\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n